Multiple Choice - Pick the best answer - 2 pt each
____1. The striated appearance of the medullary pyramid is produced by parallel alignment of
a) supporting connective tissue septa
b) medullary rays
c) loops of Henle and collecting tubules
d) chords/clumps of cells separated by capillaries
e) all of the above
____2. To produce a glomerular filtrate, increased tonus is found in the
a) afferent arteriole
b) efferent arteriole
c) both the afferent and efferent arterioles
d) vascular pole
e) tubules of the urinary pole
____3. The funnel-like end of the oviduct which receives the ovulated egg is called the
a) isthmus
b) fimbria
c) intramural
d) ampulla
e) fallopian
____4. The largest, most mature ovarian follicles are called
a) large, mature follicles
b) Bowman’s follicles
c) Graafian follicles
d) tertiary follicles
e) luteal follicles
____5. The ductus deferens differs from the ductus epididymis in that the deferens
a) has a thick muscular wall
b) has a pseudostratified epithelium
c) is lubricated by Cowpers glands
d) is more highly coiled
e) all of the above
____6. Which of the following are not true about the paired cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis?
a) they are called the corpora cavernosa
b) they contain large endothelial lines sinuses
c) they are fed by the helicine arteries
d) they contain the male urethra
e) all of the statements are true
____7. Nucleated cells within the pars nervosa represent
a) fibroblasts
b) pituicytes
c) astrocytes
d) neurons
e) all of the above
____8. The histology shared by many endocrine tissues is
a) clumps and cords of cells separated by wide capillaries
b) follicular clusters of cells associated with wide capillaries
c) secretory units connected to a branching duct system
d) clumps and cords of cells leading to a branching duct system
e) mixed gland morphology with serous demilunes abutting wide capillaries
____9. The histology of the zona fasciculata is best described as
a) small follicles of highly vacuolated cells
b) small follicles of basophilic cells
c) parallel rows of basophilic cells
d) parallel rows of highly vacuolated cells
e) anastomosing chords of basophilic cells
____10. The mid-piece of the sperm contains
a) the acrosome
b) helically arranged mitochondria
c) a centriole
d) residual bodies
e) all of the above
____11. The spermatic cord is
a) the site of testis development in the embryo
b) the site os spermatogenesis in the testis
c) the merging of the vas, urethra, and the main prostate duct
d) the vas, blood vessels, and nerves wrapped with connective tissue
e) the male tubular system consisting of the efferentes, epididymis, and vas
____12. A corpus albicans
a) is a degenerated corpus luteum
b) forms due to a decrease in progesterone
c) contains pycnotic granulosa cells
d) forms from a bloodless lesion
e) all of the above
____13. After menstruation, the functional endometrium regenerates from the
a) basal stromal stem cells
b) basal glandular epithelium and stromal stem cells
c) basal follicular epithelium
d) theca externa
e) theca interna and externa
____14. In the kidney, the medullary rays function as
a) interlobular ducts
b) interlobar ducts
c) intralobular ducts
d) intralobar ducts
e) intercalating ducts
____15. The absorption of urine is prevented in the bladder by the
a) keratinization of the epithelium
b) dense fibrous lamina propria
c) formation of extensive tight and adheren junctional complexes
d) submembrane accumulation of intermediate filaments forming membrane plaques
e) all of the above
____16. The Ducts of Bellini are
a) the lubricating glands in the penis
b) the largest ducts within the mammary glands
c) the lactating ducts under the areola of the nipple
d) the largest collecting tubules within the medullary papillae
e) the largest collecting tubules within the medullary rays
____17. A primary ovarian follicle is best described as an oocyte surrounded by
a) a layer of simple squamous epithelium
b) a layer of simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium
c) the zona pellucida and a layer of simple squamous epithelium
d) the zona pellucida and a layer of simple columnar epithelium
e) the zona pellucida and the corona radiata
____18. The cervix
a) is primarily composed of dense connective tissue
b) is lined with a mucus secreting columnar epithelium
c) has a lamina propria containing many tubular mucus glands
d) lacks spiral arteries
e) all of the above
____19. In the development of male germ cells, the first meiotic division gives rise to
a) type A spermatogonia
b) type B spermatogonia
c) primary spermatocytes
d) secondary spermatocytes
e) spermatids
____20. The prostate gland
a) wraps around the male ureter as it exits the bladder
b) is composed of endocrine follicular units and stored precursor product
c) has stored precursor often observed as concretions, small, hard deposits
d) is highly vascularized with wide blood sinuses to collect product
e) is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland
____21. Which of the following do NOT have an endocrine function
a) testis
b) ovary
c) pineal body
d) prostate gland
e) all of the above
____22. Thyroxine synthesis involves
a) secretion and storage of precursor thyroglobulin as colloid
b) follicular cell uptake of iodine and transport into the colloid
c) pinocytosis of iodinated thyroglobulin
d) lysosomal activation of thyroxine
e) all of the above
____23. The effect(s) of ACTH on the adrenal cortex include
a) proliferation of the cells of the zona fasciculata and production of glucocorticiods
b) proliferation of the cells of the zona fasciculata and production of mineralcorticiods
c) proliferation of the cells of the zona glomerulosa and production of glucocorticiods
d) proliferation of the cells of the zona glomerulosa and production of mineralcorticiods
e) production of glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids
____24. The renal corpuscle is best described as the
a) blind end of a proximal convoluted tubule composed of simple squamous parietal epithelium
b) blind end of a proximal convoluted tubule composed of simple cuboidal parietal epithelium
c) blind end of a proximal convoluted tubule composed of simple squamous visceral epithelium
d) blind end of a proximal convoluted tubule composed of simple cuboidal visceral epithelium
e) tuft of capillaries
____25. The ureter lacks which of the following
a) a layer of transitional epithelium
b) a fibroelastic lamina propria
c) a fibroelastic submucosa
d) a double smooth muscle layer
e) none of the above
____26. In the absence of light, pinealocytes produce
a) serotonin
b) melatonin
c) calcitonin
d) oxytocin
e) vasopressin
____27. Herring bodies represent
a) accumulated product in the zona fasciculata
b) accumulated product in the pars tuberalis
c) accumulated product in the zona glomerulosa
d) accumulated product in the pars nervosa
e) accumulated product in the zona reticularis
____28. Mineralcorticoids are produced by
a) the zona glomerulosa
b) the zona fasciculata
c) the zona reticularis
d) the zona fasciculata and reticularis
e) all three zonas
____29. The morphology of the seminal vesicle is best described as
a) a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland
b) a compound endocrine gland with a folded mucus membrane
c) a single, blind ended, coiled tube
d) multiple, blind ended, coiled tubes
e) coiled vesicles of tall columnar epithelium
____30. Which of the following do NOT occur during spermiogenesis
a) stem cells undergo meiotic divisions to form haploid spermatids
b) the position of the Golgi and centriole define the early polarity of the spermatid
c) the centriole elongates to produce a flagellar tail
d) the mitochondria accumulate in a helical fashion defining the midpiece
e) the excess cytoplasm, shed as a residual body, is phagocytosed by sertoli cells
____31. The progestational endometrium differs from the resting endometrium in having
a) increased thickness due to stromal edema
b) stratified surface epithelium
c) straighten coiled arteries in the stratum vasculare
d) inactive, coiled endometrial glands
e) all of the above
____32. Which of the following is NOT true about the corpus luteum?
a) it is maintained by LH
b) it develops from follicular epithelium and the theca externa
c) it produces progesterone
d) it is highly vascularized
e) all of the above
____33. The efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli lead to capillary systems in the
a) adjacent kidney lobule
b) cortical labyrinth
c) adjacent kidney lobe
d) glomerulus
e) medullary pyramid
____34. Distal convoluted tubules differ from proximal convoluted tubules in that distal tubules
a) have decreased cytoplasmic eosinophilia
b) have epithelium lacking a brush border
c) are smaller tubes with larger lumens
d) touch the renal corpuscle forming the macula densa
e) all of the above
____35. The hypothalamohypophyseal tract is a
a) portal vascular system between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
b) portal vascular system between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
c) nerve bundle between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
d) nerve bundle between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
e) an old term referring to the entire pituitary gland
____36. The histology of Islet beta cells is best described as
a) round nuclei and alcohol insoluble granules
b) round nuclei and alcohol soluble granules
c) flatten nuclei and alcohol insoluble granules
d) flatten nuclei and alcohol soluble granules
e) irregular shaped nuclei with azurophilic granules
____37. Leydig cells
a) are stimulated by LH to produce the androgen binding protein
b) are stimulated by LH to produce testosterone
c) are stimulated by FSH to produce the androgen binding protein
d) are stimulated by FSH to produce testosterone
e) produce both testosterone and androgen binding protein in the FSH/LH male cycle
____38. Sertoli cells function to
a) nourish developing male germ cells
b) phagocytize residual bodies
c) anchor cells during spermiogenesis
d) form a blood barrier
e) all of the above
____39. In the development of the reproductive systems, the epithelium of the genital ridge forms
a) granulosa cells and leydig cells
b) lutein and leydig cells
c) lutein and sertoli cells
d) granulosa and sertoli cells
e) primordial germ cells
____40. The changes in breast histology stimulated by prolactin include
a) formation of secretory alveoli
b) increased deposition of adipose tissue
c) stratification of nipple epithelium
d) increased edema in the breast stroma
e) all of the above
____41. Erythropoietin is produced by
a) lacis cells
b) mesengial cells
c) lacis and mesengial cells
d) lacis and bone marrow cells
e) JG cells
____42. Which of the following are not part of the glomerular filtration barrier
a) fenestrated capillaries
b) podocytes
c) a thicken basement membrane
d) the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
e) the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
____43. In calcium regulation, blood levels are decreased by the secretion of
a) parathyroid hormone by chief cells
b) parathyroid hormone by oxyphil cells
c) calcitonin by lacis cells
d) calcitonin by parafollicular cells
e) phosphate by kidney collecting tubules
____44. Pars distalis basophils secrete
a) glycoprotein hormones
b) protein hormones
c) protein and glycoprotein hormones
d) steroid hormones
e) all of the above
____45. Cells in the abluminal seminiferous tubule showing condensed chromosomes are the
a) spermatogonia
b) primary spermatocytes
c) secondary spermatocytes
d) spermatid
e) sertoli cells
____46. The mediastinum is (are)
a) thickenings in the connective tissue capsule of the testis
b) the connective tissue around the erectile tissue in the penis
c) the connective tissue capsule of the ovary
d) bundles of blood vessels which vascularize the testis
e) the vascularized layer of the uterine myometrium
____47. Estrogen secretion by the cells of the theca interna is stimulated by
a) LH secreted by the acidophils of the anterior pituitary
b) LH secreted by the basophils of the anterior pituitary
c) FSH secreted by the acidophils of the anterior pituitary
d) FSH secreted by the basophils of the anterior pituitary
e) ovulation and LH secreted by the acidophils of the anterior pituitary
____48. Secondary uterine follicles differ from primary in that secondary follicles
a) have a zona pellucida
b) show signs of antral cavity formation
c) have stratified granulosa cells
d) lack a theca externa
e) all of the above
____49. The edges of kidney lobules are defined by
a) medullary rays
b) intralobular arteries
c) intralobar arteries
d) interlobular arteries
e) interlobar arteries
____50. The mechanoreceptor(s) of the juxtaglomerular complex include(s)
a) macula densa
b) JG cells
c) lacis cells
d) macula densa and lacis cells
e) macula densa and JG cells
ALL OF THE ANSWERS ARE IN YOUR NOTES